July 2025
H.R. 1—The One Big Beautiful Bill Act—is a sweeping package of new laws merging major tax cuts and business incentives for high earners, deep cuts and requirements in health and nutrition programs, massive new defense spending, rollback of clean-energy policies, and overhauls immigration enforcement—mandating border wall construction, expanding detention, and curbing asylum and parole, all while increasing the federal deficit and debt ceiling. The immigration-related provisions in H.R. 1 (119th Congress) will have broad and significant impacts across the U.S. immigration system now that it has been signed into law on July 4, 2025. It will provide an unprecedented investment in federal immigration enforcement, allocating approximately $140 billion over the next five years through FY 2029. In this brief, we provide analysis of impacts of the bill on immigrant enforcement and the immigration system.
